{"data":{"id":479030,"likes":0,"visited":713,"objectTypeFeature":3,"collected":false,"liked":false,"masterpieces":true,"signed":false,"title":"Ksi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych Bakai","slug":null,"noEvidence":"237128\/1-6 MNW","positionNumber":237128,"extraNumPatterns":[{"id":235781,"number":"21884","comment":null}],"technologicalDescription":"","originText":null,"originContractors":[],"purchaseMethod":null,"originPeriod":null,"signatureSigns":"","inscriptions":"","curatorScientificNote":"","analogies":"","placeExposure":{"id":118254,"name":"Galeria \/ Galeria Sztuki Staro\u017cytnej \/ Galeria Sztuki Staro\u017cytnej, Sala G2, Egipt","comment":"Trzy arkusze o numerach 4:15, 5:16, 6:18 znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w Magazynie Dzia\u0142u Sztuki Staro\u017cytnej: 33B, szafa 1, p\u00f3\u0142ki 3, 4","image":"\/uploads\/media\/dictionaries\/location\/parter-02.jpg"},"department":{"id":97276,"name":"ZBIORY SZTUKI STARO\u017bYTNEJ \/ KOLEKCJA SZTUKI ANTYCZNEJ, STARO\u017bYTNEGO EGIPTU I WSCHODU"},"historicalProvenance":"Micha\u0142 Tyszkiewicz, Konstanty Tyszkiewicz, J\u00f3zej Tyszkiewicz, Krystyna Brandt-Tyszkiewicz, Zach\u0119ta","owner":{"id":107515,"name":"Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie"},"descriptionRights":null,"image":{"id":746430,"position":1,"filePath":"84\/24\/84242dc5906bc076cfb3f3ca388fc1bf","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},"links":[],"additionalImages":[{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746429,"position":2,"filePath":"8d\/f1\/8df14ee6c2de477e5251209d2679d8c2","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746431,"position":3,"filePath":"ab\/04\/ab0488856eaa6fa858ae258ade57ef69","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746432,"position":4,"filePath":"05\/66\/0566fac9b6eba900bf79a0602a6011f1","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746435,"position":5,"filePath":"c7\/1d\/c71ded9bbc6f43d7495758bcafd4c3f3","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746434,"position":6,"filePath":"aa\/6b\/aa6b2b28d028d89b9e04612c1ce558dd","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746433,"position":7,"filePath":"ba\/b6\/bab61fc5345d3b45a995bbfe8d07de03","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746437,"position":8,"filePath":"b1\/0c\/b10c1500e954dfe21abe166ca54265bf","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746436,"position":9,"filePath":"c6\/59\/c659d5c60449599a2f3cd5fc2fb68979","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746438,"position":10,"filePath":"36\/11\/361190258a0fc135a4cf01ad0a89d644","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746439,"position":11,"filePath":"1e\/ff\/1eff9051debc5dd3a6131d072b02651e","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746442,"position":12,"filePath":"37\/ae\/37aeb1ba7979f8b73c4838f83a154ca0","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746448,"position":13,"filePath":"c6\/dc\/c6dcbd29c16af4ebca86eceb9fb70f52","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746447,"position":14,"filePath":"52\/81\/5281504c054c437835862329f2f0df09","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746444,"position":15,"filePath":"d4\/b5\/d4b5ff311f12b318fde6413c4297112d","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746443,"position":16,"filePath":"61\/dd\/61ddcd80474a2898735ad171967dedb5","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":3,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":true,"originalDimensions":null,"id":746445,"position":17,"filePath":"1c\/89\/1c89c18811942e2638d486ad8bab8e07","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null},{"formFeature":7,"files":[],"description":null,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null,"isRemote":false,"originalDimensions":null,"id":3681,"position":18,"filePath":"\/uploads\/media\/objects\/479030\/Ksiega_umarlych_Bakai.wav","extension":"wav","altText":null,"altTextEn":null,"vimeoUrl":null}],"authors":[{"id":87365,"name":"nieznany","role":"autor","comment":null,"dateFrom":null,"dateTo":null,"placeDateOfBirth":null,"placeDateOfDeath":null,"biography":null,"period":null,"additionalRoles":[],"baseConnectionObjects":[],"dcClassification":null}],"iconClasses":[],"otherTitles":[],"seriesTitles":[],"createDates":[{"id":325559,"name":"ok. 1479 - 1400 ; Nowe Pa\u0144stwo, po\u0142. 18 dynastii","comment":"panowanie Totmesa III - Amenhotepa II"}],"createPlaces":[{"id":103597,"name":"Afryka \/ Egipt \/ Teby Zachodnie","role":"miejsce znalezienia","lat":null,"lon":null,"comment":null,"hierarchy":"Teby Zachodnie","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":12951,"bcBase":{"id":335032,"name":"TGN"},"bcIdentifier":"7001297","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/tgn\/7001297","description":null}]}],"techniques":[{"id":114719,"name":"p\u0119dzel","comment":null,"editedDescription":null,"hierarchy":"malarskie","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":13869,"bcBase":{"id":335029,"name":"AAT"},"bcIdentifier":"300054216","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/aat\/300054216","description":null}]}],"dimensionText":"szer. 34-36 cm, d\u0142. 928,5 cm (obecnie), d\u0142. 967 cm (oryginalnie), d\u0142. 777 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu - wygi\u0119te w \u0142uk), d\u0142. 780 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie), wys. 63 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie)","sizes":[{"id":null,"name":null,"dimensions":[{"name":"szeroko\u015b\u0107","shortName":"szer.","value":"34-36","unit":"cm","comment":null},{"name":"d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107","shortName":"d\u0142.","value":"928,5","unit":"cm","comment":"obecnie"},{"name":"d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107","shortName":"d\u0142.","value":"967","unit":"cm","comment":"oryginalnie"},{"name":"d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107","shortName":"d\u0142.","value":"777","unit":"cm","comment":"Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu - wygi\u0119te w \u0142uk"},{"name":"d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107","shortName":"d\u0142.","value":"780","unit":"cm","comment":"Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie"},{"name":"wysoko\u015b\u0107","shortName":"wys.","value":"63","unit":"cm","comment":"Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie"}]}],"types":[{"id":116749,"name":"papirus","comment":null,"commentsEnabled":false,"bugReportEnabled":false,"editedDescription":null,"hierarchy":"archiwalia \/ papirus","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":13866,"bcBase":{"id":335029,"name":"AAT"},"bcIdentifier":"300055047","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/aat\/300055047","description":null}]}],"materials":[{"id":115589,"name":"papirus","comment":null,"editedDescription":null,"hierarchy":"wyroby z w\u0142\u00f3kien","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":15801,"bcBase":{"id":335029,"name":"AAT"},"bcIdentifier":"300014127","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/aat\/300014127","description":null}]}],"tags":[{"id":143050,"name":"Bakai (ca 1550-1295 a.C.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ B \/ Bakai (ca 1550-1295 a.C.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":173042,"name":"Ksi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ przedmioty \/ dzie\u0142a \/ Ksi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":142612,"name":"Ba (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ B \/ Ba (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":189996,"name":"Re (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ R \/ Re (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":162141,"name":"Horus (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ H \/ Horus (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":135745,"name":"Anubis (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ A \/ Anubis (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":205252,"name":"Tyszkiewicz, Micha\u0142 (1828-1897) - zbiory","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ T \/ Tyszkiewicz, Micha\u0142 (1828-1897) \/ Tyszkiewicz, Micha\u0142 (1828-1897) - zbiory","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":205253,"name":"Tyszkiewicz, Micha\u0142 (1828-1897)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ T \/ Tyszkiewicz, Micha\u0142 (1828-1897)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":146706,"name":"dar (proweniencja)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A PROWENIENCYJNE \/ dar (proweniencja)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":169804,"name":"lotosy","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ ro\u015bliny \/ lotosy","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":16394,"bcBase":{"id":335029,"name":"AAT"},"bcIdentifier":"300375573","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/aat\/300375573","description":"egipska lilia wodna (Nymphaea lotus)"}]},{"id":202702,"name":"soko\u0142y","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ zwierz\u0119ta \/ soko\u0142y","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":141375,"name":"b\u00f3stwa egipskie","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ fantastyczne istoty \/ b\u00f3stwa egipskie","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":166290,"name":"krowy","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ zwierz\u0119ta \/ krowy","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":188813,"name":"pawiany","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ zwierz\u0119ta \/ pawiany","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[{"id":16411,"bcBase":{"id":335029,"name":"AAT"},"bcIdentifier":"300255548","bcUrl":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/page\/aat\/300255548","description":null}]},{"id":148052,"name":"byki","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ zwierz\u0119ta \/ byki","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":197501,"name":"Rytua\u0142 Otwarcia Ust (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ religie \/ mitologia \/ Rytua\u0142 Otwarcia Ust (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":200082,"name":"Synowie Horusa (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ S \/ Synowie Horusa (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":198723,"name":"S\u0105d Ozyrysa (mitol.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ religie \/ mitologia \/ S\u0105d Ozyrysa (mitol.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":154174,"name":"dyski s\u0142oneczne","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ przestrze\u0144 \/ przyroda \/ dyski s\u0142oneczne","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":209220,"name":"Towarzystwo Zach\u0119ty Sztuk Pi\u0119knych (Warszawa ; 1860-1940) - kolekcja","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A KORPORATYWNE \/ T \/ towarzystwa \/ Towarzystwo Zach\u0119ty Sztuk Pi\u0119knych (Warszawa ; 1860-1940) \/ Towarzystwo Zach\u0119ty Sztuk Pi\u0119knych (Warszawa ; 1860-1940) - kolekcja","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":136483,"name":"Amenemopet (ca 1550-1295 a.C.)","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A OSOBOWE \/ A \/ Amenemopet (ca 1550-1295 a.C.)","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]},{"id":137675,"name":"arcydzie\u0142o","comment":null,"hierarchy":"HAS\u0141A TEMATYCZNE \/ przedmioty \/ dzie\u0142a \/ arcydzie\u0142o","includeHierarchy":false,"baseConnectionObjects":[]}],"redactors":[{"id":112205,"name":"Doli\u0144ska Monika","role":"opracowanie danych o obiekcie","date":null,"comment":null}],"copyrights":[{"id":500,"name":"DOMENA PUBLICZNA","image":"\/uploads\/media\/dictionaries\/copyright\/440px-Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg.png","link":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domena_publiczna","restricted":false}],"description":"Arkusze papirusu na sze\u015bciu arkuszach kartonu:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n1:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n1 - orszak pogrzebowy, ptak Benu i stra\u017cnicy bram\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n2 - czapla, ptak Ba\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n3 - przedstawienie z\u0142otego soko\u0142a, stra\u017cnicy bram\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n4 - jask\u00f3\u0142ka na fasadzie sh-ntr; \u0142odyga z kwiatem lotosu\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n5 - Bakai oparta na lasce, Bakai w \u0142odzi, stra\u017cnicy bram\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n2:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n6 - stra\u017cnicy bram\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n7 - Bakai czerpi\u0105ca wod\u0119, okadzanie Bakai przez kap\u0142ana-lektora\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n8 - scena wa\u017cenia serca, scena zwrotu serca przez Anubisa\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n9 - scena zwr\u00f3cenia ust, scena otwarcia ust\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n10 - \u0142\u00f3dki z Horusem i o\u015bmioma b\u00f3stwami\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n3:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n11 - siedz\u0105ce b\u00f3stwa przed sto\u0142em z ofiarami\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n12 - 3 b\u00f3stwa z g\u0142owami szakali przed sto\u0142em z ofiarami\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n13 - Bakai stoj\u0105ca przed sto\u0142em z ofiarami; 3 siedz\u0105ce b\u00f3stwa\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n14 - g\u0142owa Ra na \u0142odzi, kl\u0119cz\u0105ca Bakai\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n4: 15 - Bakai stoj\u0105ca przed kapliczk\u0105, 2 postaci Bakai stoj\u0105ce obok grobu\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n5: 16 - Bakai trzymaj\u0105ca \u017cagiel\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n6: 18 - czarny sok\u00f3\u0142","publicDescriptions":[{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EKsi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych\u003C\/em\u003E, nazywana w\u0026#160;Egipcie\u0026#160;\u003Cem\u003EKsi\u0119g\u0105 Wyj\u015bcia w\u0026#160;Dzie\u0144\u003C\/em\u003E, stanowi\u0142a zbi\u00f3r tekst\u00f3w zawieraj\u0105cych wskaz\u00f3wki przydatne duszy zmar\u0142ego w\u0026#160;podr\u00f3\u017cy przez pa\u0144stwo Ozyrysa. Upowszechnion\u0105 dzi\u015b nazw\u0119 \u2013\u0026#160;\u003Cem\u003EKsi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026#160;\u2013 wprowadzi\u0142 niemiecki archeolog Karl Richard Lepsius dopiero w\u0026#160;XIX wieku. Tekst zawiera wiadomo\u015bci o\u0026#160;topografii za\u015bwiat\u00f3w, imiona stra\u017cnik\u00f3w kolejnych bram, zakl\u0119cia chroni\u0105ce przed niebezpiecze\u0144stwami i\u0026#160;umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105ce przemian\u0119 w\u0026#160;istoty nie\u015bmiertelne. Zilustrowany jest tam tak\u017ce ceremonia\u0142 \u201eOtwarcia Ust\u201d, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3remu zmar\u0142y m\u00f3g\u0142 oddycha\u0107, je\u015b\u0107 i\u0026#160;pi\u0107 w\u0026#160;za\u015bwiatach. Podczas w\u0119dr\u00f3wki przez za\u015bwiaty dusza przechodzi\u0142a przeobra\u017cenia, by stan\u0105\u0107 przez obliczem boga \u015bwiata zmar\u0142ych \u2013 Ozyrysa. W\u0026#160;obecno\u015bci 43 s\u0119dzi\u00f3w odbywa\u0142 si\u0119 tam S\u0105d Zmar\u0142ych. Aby otrzyma\u0107 pozytywny \u201ewerdykt\u201d, nale\u017ca\u0142o dokona\u0107 tzw. spowiedzi negatywnej \u2013 wyliczy\u0107 niegodziwe czyny, kt\u00f3rych si\u0119 nie pope\u0142ni\u0142o. W\u0026#160;tym czasie serce zmar\u0142ego by\u0142o wa\u017cone.\u0026#160; Je\u015bli zmar\u0142y m\u00f3wi\u0142 prawd\u0119, szala\u0026#160; sercem i\u0026#160;szala z\u0026#160;pi\u00f3rem bogini Prawdy Maat by\u0142y w\u0026#160;r\u00f3wnowadze. Zmarli usprawiedliwieni, czyli oczyszczeni na s\u0105dzie Ozyrysa trafiali na Pole Trzcin, egipski odpowiednik raju.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EZachowana w\u0026#160;zbiorach muzeum\u0026#160;\u003Cem\u003EKsi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych Bakai\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026#160;powsta\u0142a w\u0026#160;XV wieku przed nasz\u0105 er\u0105. To rzadki przyk\u0142ad ksi\u0119gi wykonanej dla kobiety. Z\u0026#160;regu\u0142y posta\u0107 \u017cony odgrywa\u0142a drugoplanow\u0105 rol\u0119 w\u0026#160;ksi\u0119dze m\u0119\u017ca. Mo\u017cliwe, \u017ce w\u0026#160;tym przypadku wysoka pozycja Bakai uprawnia\u0142a j\u0105 do posiadania w\u0142asnego egzemplarza. Przyjmuje si\u0119, \u017ce mog\u0142a by\u0107 kr\u00f3lewsk\u0105 piastunk\u0105, mamk\u0105 nast\u0119pcy tronu, p\u00f3\u017aniejszego Amenhotepa II. Zapisany pismem hieroglificznym tekst uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105 rysunki \u2013 odnajdujemy przedstawienia b\u00f3stw egipskiego panteonu, orszaku pogrzebowego, stra\u017cnik\u00f3w pilnuj\u0105cych dost\u0119pu do kolejnych bram za\u015bwiat\u00f3w czy wreszcie samej Bakai. Pierwotnie ksi\u0119ga mia\u0142a form\u0119 zwoju o\u0026#160;d\u0142ugo\u015bci oko\u0142o 10 metr\u00f3w. Ju\u017c w\u0026#160;czasach nam bli\u017cszych zosta\u0142a poci\u0119ta na 18 arkuszy i\u0026#160;naklejona na d\u0142ugie kartony. Niestety jeden z\u0026#160;arkuszy zagin\u0105\u0142.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EZwyczaj tworzenia ksi\u0105g i\u0026#160;umieszczania ich w\u0026#160;grobach wykszta\u0142ci\u0142 si\u0119 za XVII dynastii z\u0026#160;\u003Cem\u003ETekst\u00f3w Sarkofag\u00f3w\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026#160;i\u0026#160;\u003Cem\u003ETekst\u00f3w Piramid\u003C\/em\u003E. Pisarze na specjalne zam\u00f3wienie zapisywali je na zwojach papirusu i\u0026#160;r\u0119cznie malowali. Mo\u017cna by\u0142o te\u017c kupi\u0107 gotowe ksi\u0119gi, w\u0026#160;kt\u00f3rych wystarczy\u0142o uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 imi\u0119 zmar\u0142ej osoby. Zwoje sk\u0142ada\u0142y si\u0119 z\u0026#160;zakl\u0119\u0107 zwanych rozdzia\u0142ami, wypowiadanych przez dusz\u0119 zmar\u0142ego lub do niej skierowanych. Znamy oko\u0142o 200 rozdzia\u0142\u00f3w, ale na jednym papirusie spisywano zwykle kilkadziesi\u0105t z\u0026#160;nich, r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105cych si\u0119 kombinacj\u0105, wybran\u0105 dla konkretnego zamawiaj\u0105cego.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOpracowanie: Dzia\u0142 Edukacji Muzeum Narodowego w\u0026#160;Warszawie\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026#160;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKomentarz Kuratora\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\nKsi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych to wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z Tekst\u00f3w Piramid i Tekst\u00f3w Sarkofag\u00f3w zbi\u00f3r zakl\u0119\u0107 i formu\u0142 ofiarnych, ilustrowanych barwnymi winietami. Teksty wchodz\u0105ce w sk\u0142ad Ksi\u0119gi Umar\u0142ych stanowi\u0105 blisko 200 rozdzia\u0142\u00f3w, ale nigdy nie spisywano naraz wi\u0119cej ni\u017c kilkadziesi\u0105t. Zawieraj\u0105 one wszelkie informacje przydatne dla duszy w\u0119druj\u0105cej po za\u015bwiatach: wiadomo\u015bci o topografii pa\u0144stwa Ozyrysa, imiona stra\u017cnik\u00f3w kolejnych bram za\u015bwiatowych, zakl\u0119cia chroni\u0105ce przed niebezpiecze\u0144stwami i umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105ce przemian\u0119 w nie\u015bmiertelne istoty, a wreszcie opis s\u0105du zmar\u0142ych i P\u00f3l Trzcin, dok\u0105d udawali si\u0119 zmarli \u201eusprawiedliwieni\u201d, czyli oczyszczeni na s\u0105dzie Ozyrysa.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nPapirus Bakai to rzadki przyk\u0142ad Ksi\u0119gi Umar\u0142ych spisanej dla kobiety. Na og\u00f3\u0142 \u017cony zadowala\u0142y si\u0119 umieszczeniem swojej postaci u boku m\u0119\u017ca, w jego egzemplarzu ksi\u0119gi. Tu Bakai wyst\u0119puje sama. Czy by\u0142a osob\u0105 samotn\u0105? A mo\u017ce mia\u0142a tak wysok\u0105 pozycj\u0119, \u017ce mog\u0142a sobie pozwoli\u0107 na w\u0142asn\u0105 ksi\u0119g\u0119? Wiemy o niej, \u017ce by\u0142a piastunk\u0105. Wed\u0142ug hipotezy M. Barwika mo\u017ce tu chodzi\u0107 o kr\u00f3lewsk\u0105 piastunk\u0119, mamk\u0119 nast\u0119pcy tronu, p\u00f3\u017aniejszego Amenhotepa II. M\u0119\u017cem za\u015b jej by\u0142 towarzysz broni jego ojca, Totmesa III, Amenemhab zwany Mahu.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n[Monika Doli\u0144ska]","author":null,"copyright":null,"event":null,"position":null}],"bibliography":[{"id":124802,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EKsi\u0119ga Umar\u0142ych piastunki Kai\u003C\/span\u003E, rozdz.: s. passim, Warszawa, 1951, s. passim.","permalink":null},{"id":124801,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, Note sur une phrase du chapitre 84 du Livre des Morts. \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003E\u0022Archiv Orientalni\u0022\u003C\/span\u003E. t. 20, rozdz.: s.615-619, 1952, s. s.615-619.","permalink":null},{"id":124799,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, Kilka uwag w sprawie r\u0119kopis\u00f3w egipskich w zbiorach polskich. \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003E\u0022Przegl\u0105d Orientalistyczny\u0022\u003C\/span\u003E. z. 2, rozdz.: s.152-154, 1952, s. s.152-154.","permalink":null},{"id":124800,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, Note supplementaire sur le nom de la nourrice Kai. \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003E\u0022Rocznik Orientalistyczny\u0022\u003C\/span\u003E. t. 20, rozdz.: s.110, 1956, s. s.110.","permalink":null},{"id":124807,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, Nowe dane o Ksi\u0119dze Umar\u0142ych piastunki Kai. \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003E\u0022Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie\u0022\u003C\/span\u003E. t. 2, rozdz.: s.723-725, 1957, s. s.723-725.","permalink":null},{"id":124785,"text":"Andrzejewski, Tadeusz, S. Strelcyn, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EKatalog r\u0119kopis\u00f3w egipskich\u003C\/span\u003E, [w:] Katalog r\u0119kopis\u00f3w egipskich, koptyjskich i etiopskich, rozdz.: s.11-13, Warszawa, 1960, s. 11-23.","permalink":null},{"id":124795,"text":"Barwik, Miros\u0142aw, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EAmenemheb and Amenemopet. New light on a papyrus from the National Museum in Warsaw\u003C\/span\u003E, [w:] Essays in honour of Prof. Dr. Jadwiga Lipi\u0144ska, t. 1, rozdz.: s.331-338, Warszawa, 1997, s. s.331-338.","permalink":null},{"id":124804,"text":"Majewska, Aleksandra, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003ELa collection egyptienne des Tyszkiewicz de \u0141ohojsk au Musee National de Varsovie\u003C\/span\u003E, [w:] Essays in honour of Prof.Dr. Jadwiga Lipi\u0144ska, t. 1, rozdz.: s.180, kat. 1, pl.XXXVI.2, Warszawa, 1997, s. s.180, il. pl.XXXVI.2, poz. 1.","permalink":null},{"id":124904,"text":"Niwi\u0144ski, Andrzej, Doli\u0144ska, Monika, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EPapirusy, mumie, z\u0142oto. Micha\u0142 Tyszkiewicz i 150-lecie pierwszych polskich i litewskich wykopalisk w Egipcie\u003C\/span\u003E, rozdz.: s.71-73, Warszawa: PMA i Pro-Egipt, 2011.","permalink":null},{"id":124539,"text":"Dobrowolski, Witold (red.), Mierzejewski, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EGaleria Sztuki Staro\u017cytnej. Egipt, Bliski Wsch\u00f3d. Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie. Przewodnik\u003C\/span\u003E, rozdz.: s. 84-85. kat. I.94 (J.Aksamit), Warszawa, 2007.","permalink":null},{"id":130173,"text":"Sulikowska-Be\u0142czowska Aleksandra, \u003Cspan class=\u0022bibliography-title\u0022\u003EMy i oni. Sztuka staro\u017cytna w Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie\u003C\/span\u003E, rozdz.: s.90-91, Warszawa: 2020, typ: publikacja.","permalink":null}],"bibliographyMNK":[],"participationEvents":[{"id":348732,"name":"CMNW na platformie dMuseion","dateFrom":"2011-05-12","dateTo":"2020-10-15","comment":null,"contractors":[]}],"connections":[],"articles":[{"attachment":{"id":8,"filePath":"\/uploads\/media\/articles\/education\/6\/KARTY_PRAC_1_06.pdf","fileSize":792976,"extension":"pdf","formFeature":3,"iframeSource":null,"iframeHtml":null},"attachmentPeriod":"staro\u017cytno\u015b\u0107","attachmentLanguage":"polski","targetGroups":[6],"id":6,"title":"\u003Cp\u003EKsi\u0119ga umar\u0142ych Bakai\u003C\/p\u003E","authors":[],"creators":[],"quote":null,"quoteVisible":false,"shortDescription":"\u003Cp\u003EKsi\u0119ga zosta\u0142a stworzona dla piastunki o imieniu Bakai. Jej wizerunek i imi\u0119 znajdziemy w kilku miejscach papirusu. Inskrypcje zosta\u0142y zapisane hieroglifami, czyli jednym z najwcze\u015bniejszych rodzaj\u00f3w pisma, u\u017cywanym w Staro\u017cytnym Egipcie.\u003C\/p\u003E","publicationDate":"2020-10-15","category":4,"templateName":"Materia\u0142 edukacyjny","color":"#c4bc00","titleColor":"#ffffff","image":{"id":9,"filePath":"\/uploads\/media\/articles\/education\/6\/KARTY_PRAC_1_06-1.jpg","extension":"jpg","altText":null,"fileName":null},"keywords":[],"liked":false,"likesNumber":0,"slug":null,"articleTypes":[],"cycles":[]}],"imageDesktop":null,"imageTablet":null,"imageMobile":null,"dialectalTerms":[],"programmesParticipation":[],"editionNumber":null,"wwwDescriptionSimplified":null,"wwwDescriptionAutism":null,"wwwDescriptionAd":null,"dimensionTextWithDuration":"szer. 34-36 cm, d\u0142. 928,5 cm (obecnie), d\u0142. 967 cm (oryginalnie), d\u0142. 777 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu - wygi\u0119te w \u0142uk), d\u0142. 780 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie), wys. 63 cm (Arkusze 1-3 po z\u0142o\u017ceniu w oprawie)","creditLine":null,"editionData":[],"dictionaryZoologicalSystematicsDTO":null,"rarity":null,"archeoPeriods":[],"theatricalItems":null,"archaeologicalSite":null,"catalogNumber":null,"specificDimensionDescription":null,"history":"Papirus zosta\u0142 zapewne znaleziony w nocy z 18 na 19 grudnia 1861 r. podczas nielegalnych wykopalisk hrabiego Micha\u0142a Tyszkiewicza w Tebach Zachodnich. Razem z niekt\u00f3rymi innymi obiektami zosta\u0142 pos\u0142any na Litw\u0119 do wuja Konstantego, kt\u00f3ry rezydowa\u0142 w \u0141ohojsku i stworzy\u0142 tam muzeum ju\u017c w 1842 r. Papirus mo\u017cna by\u0142o tam podziwia\u0107 do 1907 r. Wnuk Konstantego, J\u00f3zef, przeni\u00f3s\u0142 obiekty egipskie w 1910 do Wilna, za\u015b w 1915 r. wdowa po nim, Krystyna Brandt-Tyszkiewicz, podarowa\u0142a je Zach\u0119cie w Warszawie. W 1919 r. przekazane zosta\u0142y Muzeum Narodowemu razem z reszt\u0105 kolekcji \u0142ohojskiej, podarowanej Zach\u0119cie przez innego cz\u0142onka rodu.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\n[Monika Doli\u0144ska]","originSignatures":null,"originSubtitles":null,"archetype":null,"watermarks":[],"issuers":[],"virtualExhibitionSlides":[],"originalCreateDate":null,"fillCardDate":null,"exhibitionLabelContent":null,"placeObject":null,"carrierDate":null,"transcription":null,"objectCardType":null,"duration":null,"objectCategory":[],"artworkPersons":[],"ageRating":null,"artworkLocations":[],"timerRanges":[],"chronologicalRecordingRanges":[],"eCollections":[],"objectTags":[],"camps":[],"createdAt":"2008-08-05 00:00:00","updatedAt":"2026-03-18 08:51:05","chronology":null,"ar":null,"zone":null,"room":null,"plotNumber":null,"plot":null,"quarter":null,"meter":null,"archeoExcavations":[],"archeoItems":[],"archeoLayers":[],"processingContractors":[],"reportCaseDate":null,"isImprintPresent":false,"copyEdition":null,"tracesOfUses":[],"printsCondition":[],"coinsCondition":[],"rulers":[],"mints":[],"imprints":[],"historicalExtraNumbers":[],"oldCreatorAttributions":[],"provenances":[],"precedentMuseumObjectId":null,"precedentInventoryNumber":null,"shareMuseumObjectMultimediaEnabled":false,"reserveExhibitionEnabled":false,"objectCardDownloadCount":4,"fullMultimediaDownloadCount":0,"archeoMap":{"longitude":null,"latitude":null},"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","armsComments":null,"epigraphicPlateDecorations":null,"epigraphicPlateStateRate":null,"epigraphicPlateText":null,"epigraphicPlateTranslation":null,"genealogy":null,"sourcesAndLinks":null,"inscriptionFieldSizeAndFormHeight":null,"inscriptionFieldSizeAndFormWidth":null,"upperHelpPlateHeight":null,"upperHelpPlateWidth":null,"bottomHelpPlateHeight":null,"bottomHelpPlateWidth":null,"helpPlateSashHeight":null,"helpPlateSashWidth":null,"letterCase":null,"surnameLetterCase":null,"litteringType":null,"bottomHelpPlateForm":null,"helpPlateSashForm":null,"inscriptionFieldSizeAndFormForm":null,"upperHelpPlateForm":null,"arms":[],"typeOfWriting":null,"epigraphicPlateNumberAccordingToPlan":null},"status":200,"message":null}